Lessons
What Is Film
05:45 2Types Of Film
10:18 3The Film Scale
03:17 4Film Speed
06:46 5Film Cameras
03:50 6Loading Film Into The Camera
09:26 7Zone System Basics
15:46 8Metering For Black & White
15:04Camera Basics: ISO
12:11 10Safety In The Dark Room
07:22 11Film Development Process And Supplies
15:14 12The Film Developing Process Step-By-Step
32:31 13Storage And Organization Of Images
16:43 14Scanning 101
12:01 15Scanning Your Own Negatives Demo/Guidelines
19:29 16Enhancing Your Scans With Photoshop
25:46 17Dodge And Burn In Photoshop
07:05 18Using Photoshop Luminosity Masks To Work The Zone System
08:19 19Printing Options
05:10 20Printing Papers
05:28 21How Film Develops
06:41 22Film Density By Zone
05:58 23Film Pushing And Pulling
05:37 24Film Filters
13:11 25Reciprocity Failure
05:21 26Advanced Film Exposure
03:57 27Making The Analog Print
06:02 28Black And White Resources
04:14 29Alternative Processes
21:02Lesson Info
Film Density By Zone
So the next question then becomes, "Cool, "so you're telling me zone 3, and then 3.2, "how do I know that?" Other than the fact that I completely made this up. No. (laughs) We look at film zone by density. So, when Fred Archer and Ansel Adams developed the zone system in the 1940s, they went through and they measured a number of different components of the film. And what they decided was, when film gets developed the initial film base was about 0.1. So that's called film base plus fog. That's the base exposure. We take the film base plus fog. So we know what that is. And then we're gonna take that and subtract that from every other measurement, because that's uniform across the entire film. That film base plus fog, to measure it we looked at that, and we cut the negative with that little gap between the two images, or we had that tail at the front and the back that I chopped off. We would measure that through a densitometer. The densitometer would tell us "Oh, film base plus fog is 0.0...
6." So anything I measured after that I would just subtract 0.06 from, and then that gives me the actual value of the target. Now, zone one ... I'm on a four by five. You can see there's different densities based on the size of the film. Because there's more information on a larger format negative. We can change the relationship between the zones a little bit, and the calculation. What Fred and Ansel figured out was that a really good negative density range was about 1.2. So the difference between zone 1 and zone was about 1.2. 1.35 minus 0.1, 0.25. 1.3, minus 0.1, 0.2. So we ended up with that range. That was the dynamic range at that time. So that was on those films and those papers. This still holds relatively close today, because we haven't had significant advances in film, because film's basically the same as it was 40, 50 years ago. And the papers haven't significantly changed. We're still using ... They call 'em the same papers, the papers today have less silver than they had. So the range is even different. They reformulate, and do kind of like the tabular work on the papers. They try to do all the work to keep the paper the same, with less silver, 'cause it's more economical for them. But in general, the ranges stay the same. So when we get a piece of film back, and I measure it under the densitometer at 0.28, I know that that's zone 2. If I go to 0.35, I know that I'm in zone 3. If I go to 0.55, I know I'm in zone 4. 0.7 I'm at zone 5. That is universal as a measurement of silver density on the film. So if I pick Delta 3200 or T-MAX 3200 from Kodak, and I pick Adox 20, zone 3 is gonna measure 0.45. So from film to film to film, that's how I determine that. Now when we're doing film testing, and we're doing the zone system, and we're like, "Oh, you know what would be great? "Is how do I figure out what my "actual film speed is?" 'Cause I told you, just take your film, cut your film speed in half, overexpose it by a stop, to start to build that shadow density. Well if I know zone 3 is a 0.45, and I know my zone 1, and I make an exposure, I'm able to then look at, under the densitometer, or I scan it, and measure it, do the logarithmic calculation exchange of math demon-ness. I do that, and them I'm able to say, "Oh, if my zone 3, say, was 0.26, "I don't have enough density to be a zone 3." 0.26 is closer to zone 2, I need more exposure. So if my film was rated at 100, I would then cut it to 50, and I would measure again. And I would say, "Oh, now my zone 3 measures 0.4. "I'm at 50, I'm not quite to 0.45." So now I'm gonna go from 50, I'm gonna go to, say, 40 ISO. And I'm gonna work my way down, until I get my density right. So that's how I'm starting to figure out what my true film speed is. This number: time of the developer. So once I know this, and I get my density right here, I then measure a zone 7. And if my zone 7 is 1.2, I'm in the developer too long. If my time is 0.75, I'm not nearly in the developer enough. So that's the basics of how I make the decision of how long am I in the developer for. I'm trying to get a know zone to be that specific density. And it's measured universally across the film. So this is the real nerd way to figure this stuff out. At the end of the day, what I do is once I know what zone 3 looks like with fully rendered detail. And I kinda know where I get that, and I get that by printing. If I think I metered that wall, or that wall, or the floor, and I'm like, "Oh, if I metered the floor at 3, "and I metered the TV at 7, and I develop, "I should be able to make a straight print "and 3 and 7 should show with texture." If 3 doesn't show up with texture, I need more exposure. If the TV's blown out, I need less development time. If the TV looks muddy gray, I need more development time. So it's all about looking at those. So even without having a densitometer, that's why recording what was your 3, and what was your 7 is so important in understanding how to get the most out of the film.
Class Materials
Bonus Materials with Purchase
Ratings and Reviews
LEO DE BOCK
I am really fond of Daniel Gregory as a teacher. He does a great job. To me, his enthousiasm, his passion for and his dedication to film photography are infectuous. It's great that CreativeLive makes place for film photography and for such a pro teaching it. It can never do so enough for me. Thanks. I am a fan.
Texas Beauty Photography
Great class!! It's jam packed with usable information for anyone wanting to shoot, process, and print black and white images. There is so much detail presented in this class, I can practically guarantee you'll come back to it again and again. I successfully used this class to capture b/w photographs, process the negatives, capture them digitally, and finally, produce beautiful prints that I'm proud to show my friends and clients. This may well be one of the best classes on all of CreativeLive. Highly recommended!
user-661816
This is an excellent course and Daniel is a great teacher! I'm coming back to shooting film and darkroom work after 20 years away. I have some wonderful film cameras sitting in my cabinet and I decided I wanted to use them--so I have decided to shoot BW with film, and shoot color with my digital cameras. I will develop the BW film myself and scan and print digitally. This class is perfect for me!